This study examined the effect of incorporating activated bamboo biochar into cement on concrete properties. Bamboo biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through pyrolysis, was used to replace cement at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight in M20 grade concrete mix. This study evaluated the carbon sequestration capacity, physical and mechanical properties of pure and blended cement, properties of fresh and hardened concrete, and economic viability. The results showed that increasing the biochar content significantly enhanced CO₂ sequestration, with a maximum uptake of 49.05% at 15% replacement. However, higher biochar content increased the standard consistency, setting times, and water absorption, while decreasing the compressive strength. The 5% biochar mix slightly outperformed the control in terms of compressive and split tensile strengths, but higher percentages reduced these properties. The impact strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and water penetration tests also decreased with increasing biochar content. Microstructural analysis revealed higher carbon content but decreased levels of other elements with increased biochar. Economic analysis showed higher costs for biochar concrete mixes because of the higher unit cost of the biochar. Despite the increased expenses, integrating biochar into concrete offers significant environmental benefits, presenting a transformative innovation for sustainable construction.

bamboo biochar, cement replacement, carbon sequestration, low carbon concrete, sustainable material