Vol.2,No.2,2026-Table of Contents
- OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
- Experimental investigation on Mode -Ⅰ interlaminar fracture behavior of laminated flattened-bamboo composite measured by VIC-3D technique
- Sustainable Engineering Materials Vol.2,No.2,2026 DOI:10.54113/j.suem.2026.000024 Online published:2026-9-5
- Abstract Mode - I fracture tests loaded parallel to grain were performed on 10 groups of laminated flattened-bamboo composite (LFBC) specimens using compact tension (CT) method, and crack extension was monitored by VIC-3D (video image correlate, 3D) technique. Nine of the groups were interlaminar (RL) fracture considering specimen thickness (B) and initial crack length to width ratio (a/W), and one group was standard specimens for intralaminar (TL) fracture as a control. It was shown that the failure mechanism of RL fracture was fiber fracture and ground tissue damage, while TL fracture was adhesive failure accompanied by a small amount of fiber fracture. The difference in the failure mechanism determined the uncertainty of crack extension in RL, while the crack extension in TL was continuous. On this basis, different forms of load-displacement curves and load-crack curves were analyzed. In addition, a/W had no effect on the fracture toughness of RL, while the condition value of fracture toughness gradually increased and reached stability with increasing thickness B. The RL fracture toughness of LFBC obtained from the test was 20.8 MPa·mm1/2. The tensile strain field during crack extension was always concentrated at the crack tip, while the compressive strain appeared at the bottom of the specimen. An empirical equation for predicting the critical load of RL fracture was proposed by fitting to the test data.… More
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- Effect of high rice husk ash replacement on the mechanical performance of Limestone-Modified CEM II/A-LL 32.5R concrete
- Sustainable Engineering Materials Vol.2,No.2,2026 DOI:10.54113/ji.suem.2026.000023 Online published:2026-9-5
- Abstract This study investigates the influence of rice husk ash (RHA) characteristics and replacement level on the fresh and hardened performance of mortars incorporating Portland limestone cement (CEM II/A-LL 32.5R). Four RHA types (RHA-A, RHA-B, RHA-C, and RHA-D) with different physicochemical characteristics were incorporated at replacement levels of 5–60% at a constant water-to-binder ratio of 0.50. The effects of silica structure and content, loss on ignition, and particle fineness on mortar flowability, compressive strength, and tensile strength were evaluated at 7, 28, and 91 days. The results demonstrate that RHA performance is strongly dependent on its physicochemical characteristics and replacement level. RHA-A and RHA-B exhibited a progressive reduction in mechanical performance at high replacement levels, whereas RHA-C and RHA-D maintained or enhanced strength over a substantially wider replacement range. Notably, RHA-C and RHA-D achieved substantial strength enhancement at replacement levels of up to 40%, with RHA-D exhibiting the highest later-age performance. Based on the combined assessment of compressive strength and microhardness, the optimum replacement levels were identified as 30% for RHA-A, 20% for RHA-B, 50% for RHA-C, and 60% for RHA-D. At these levels, the 28-day compressive strength was comparable to the reference cement mortar for RHA-A and increased by 2.18%, 10.45%, and 7.43% for RHA-B, RHA-C, and RHA-D, respectively. The findings demonstrate that the suitability of RHA as a high-volume supplementary cementitious material is governed not only by its replacement level but also by its physicochemical characteristics, highlighting the importance of RHA-specific characterization when designing sustainable cementitious systems.… More
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- Effect of material imperfections on thermal behavior in metal matrix composites: a finite element approach
- Sustainable Engineering Materials Vol.2,No.2,2026 DOI:10.54113/j.suem.2026.000022 Online published:2026-9-5
- Abstract This study examines the thermal stress behavior of metal matrix composites (MMCs), with a focus on the influence of voids on thermal strain and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). A finite element model (FEM) was developed using the software ABAQUS to simulate the thermal behavior of MMCs with ceramic particle reinforcement and to compare the models with and without voids using a two-dimensional periodic unit cell approach. The results showed that voids significantly increased thermal strain. At 473 K, the presence of voids increased the thermal strain by 8.50% in Model 1 and 2.27% in Model 2 compared with their corresponding void-free configurations. Additionally, the composite with voids exhibited a higher CTE, confirming that microstructural flaws impact thermal behavior. The thermal stress response of the composite with voids was about 15% higher than that of the control samples, underlining how voids affect the composite's thermal behavior. These results show the need to model material imperfections, including voids, accurately when determining the thermal performance of composites. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and reliability of MMCs, particularly in applications where thermal behavior is critical, such as in aerospace, automotive, and energy industries.… More
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- Innovative sustainable concrete using waste tyre steel fibres and milled palm kernel shell
- Sustainable Engineering Materials Vol.2,No.2,2026 DOI:10.54113/j.suem.2026.000021 Online published:2026-9-5
- Abstract Over the years, numerous studies have been carried out on the sustainable use of waste tyre steel fibre and palm kernel shell in concrete production. However, the study on the integration of waste tyre steel fibre (WTSF) and milled palm kernel shell (MPKS) in concrete production, especially fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is yet to be evaluated hence, this research studied the effects of waste tyre steel fibre and milled palm kernel shell as fine aggregate partial replacement in FRC. Five different sets of concrete samples were cast which are, ordinary concrete (A0), concrete with 10% MPKS replacement with fine aggregate (A1), and others with 10% MPKS and 0.5% WTSF at a varying length of 25 mm, 35 mm and 45 mm (A2, A3 and A4) respectively, the diameter of the WTSF ranges from 1.34 mm-1.69 mm. concrete mix of 1:1.5:3 and 0.6 water cement ratio were adopted. From the study, slump value decreased with an increase in the length of the WTSF. Furthermore, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths increased with increase in the length of fibres. The least and highest 28-day compressive strength values of 21.3 and 30 N/mm2 and tensile strength values of 1.9 and 3.2 N/mm2 were recorded for A0 and A4 respectively. Lastly, A4 showed the highest strength for both compressive and tensile strengths. This research shows an integration of MPKS and WTSF to improve mechanical properties of concrete structures thereby contributing to sustainable construction practices and waste management techniques.… More
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- Mapping bio-asphalt technologies and deep investigation: a systematic bibliometric analysis
- Sustainable Engineering Materials Vol.2,No.2,2026 DOI:10.54113/j.suem.2026.000020 Online published:2026-9-5
- Abstract Bio-asphalt has emerged as a strategic solution for reducing the environmental footprint of pavement infrastructure by partially replacing petroleum-based binders with renewable biomass-derived resources such as bio-oil, lignin and agricultural by-products. Despite the rapid growth of experimental studies, a consolidated understanding of the intellectual evolution, performance-oriented research directions, and implementation challenges of bio-asphalt remains limited. This study presents a systematic bibliometric and performance-integrated review of 343 Scopus-indexed publications published between 1995 and 2025 to map the global development of bio-asphalt technologies. The results reveal an exponential increase in research output after 2015, driven by sustainability mandates, circular-economy initiatives, and advances in biomass conversion technologies. Science mapping indicates a clear thematic transition from early material substitution toward performance-oriented research focusing on rheology, durability, aging resistance, and hybrid modification strategies. A persistent performance imbalance between high-temperature rutting resistance and fatigue or low-temperature cracking resistance is identified as a central design challenge. Bio-oils are primarily used to enhance workability, rejuvenation efficiency, and cracking resistance, whereas lignin, polymers, and nanomaterials are increasingly incorporated to restore stiffness and mitigate rutting susceptibility. By integrating bibliometric analysis with engineering performance synthesis, this study identifies key research gaps and proposes a framework for the development of balanced, durable, and low-carbon bio-asphalt systems.… More
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